Reflection response Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reflection response - Assignment Example What about students that will be able to work in the laboratory setting, but not others? Is that fair to everyone, or the teacher? No, it is not. To expect a teacher to have multiple standards for a classroom of sometimes 25-30 students will effectively cripple the class. Classroom lectures, especially in subjects such as science, need to have continuity and flow from one point to another to help the students understand the material. One standard will help this, while multiple standards will create disruption and confusion while multiple lectures are conducted in words that students can understand and comprehend. What are the students to do while these multiple lectures are going on? While some type of work could be assigned, the confusion in the classroom will not create an ideal learning environment, and students will inevitably fall behind. Having multiple standards will not only effectively cripple the class in terms of disruption; it will spread the teacher too thin and make the teacher unable to adequately prepare the class or students. It is hard to imagine having to create more than one lesson plan for any classroom, and by having multiple standards, at least two if not more lesson plans will need to be created.

Electric Cars Are Going to Be the Future Essay Example for Free

Electric Cars Are Going to Be the Future Essay Nearly every household in America owns a gas powered vehicle, which pollutes our environment daily. Our society needs to consider furthering its knowledge and use of electric cars. Pollution of our environment must come to a halt in every situation possible in order to save the future of our atmosphere. I believe that the switch from gas-powered cars to electric cars is a very necessary and reasonable approach to save the environment. Several different car manufacturers have already began making efforts to adapt their vehicles to become more environmentally safe products. Although our country runs off oil and its proceeds, we can still attempt to make conversions that will lead to an overall positive impact on the United States. Making the switch to electric cars that run solely on renewable energy is a very wise economical and green decision. Our environment is long overdue for help in making it a better place for living in. The way we plan to make the environment better for living is by eliminating pollution altogether. The world annually emits approximately 8. 3 billion tons of carbon and about four billion tons will remain in the atmosphere for thousands of years. The switch to electric cars is an easy accomplishment because the technology is already at the tip of our hands. The United States will benefit a great deal after the switch from gasoline cars to electric cars is achieved. After learning the facts, the reasons are oblivious as to why electric cars are more efficient than hydrogen cars. The technology is already prepared for mass production. The negative environmental effects of production and driving the car are minimal. Manufacturers have already succeeded at innovating designs and specific features into the vehicles to assure the public’s satisfaction. With all of this in mind, it is vital to realize that the main goal of individual transportation is to enable people to get where they need to be when they need to be there. Ideally, there should be extremely limited environmental consequences when transporting in a perfect world, there would be none. Therefore, engineers and car manufacturers are not fixing the problem as a whole with their efforts to revolutionize automobiles, but every step forward counts. Instead of being content with the advancements, car manufacturers and engineers should continue to explore the world of environmentally safe opportunities to bring forward into the public eye. One of the most widely known alternatives to gasoline in America is hydrogen or biodiesel. Some might argue that hydrogen-powered or biodiesel-powered cars are more efficient than electric-powered cars, but they are not even close. Hydrogen cars are more expensive to fuel. The hydrogen car costs about three dollars per gallon, which totals around fifteen cents per mile, while the electric car pays in kilowatt-hours, which totals about two cents per mile. The average hydrogen car costs about one million dollars and the technology is just not there yet. It would cost excessively much to install hydrogen fueling stations and biodiesel pumps when it would be much easier and more reasonable to install a greater amount of electrical outlets across the world. Although, electric cars are more expensive to buy off the dealership lot they outperform the regular gasoline cars physically and economically. The electric car overall is cheaper to maintain, but unfortunately, after about ten years the lithium ion batteries start to drain out, but instead of buying a brand new car every so many years all you would have to do is replace the batteries. In the end, this will be a very good deal. The electric alternative technology is already here compared to other alternatives like ethanol, biodiesel, and hydrogen, yes, these are all great ideas, but the technology is just not readily available to us. Therefore, we should not even bother with these alternatives at all. Lastly, the gasoline cars that we use today waste power by constantly burning gas when the car is not in motion, whereas electric cars do not waste power when the car is not in motion.

Private Schools vs. Public Schools Essay -- School Reform, Education Re

Would you change your school? Would you go to a private school instead of a public school? Or to a public school instead of a private school? Private and public education is different in many ways such as their performance, enrollment, and the overall education taught but yet they have somewhat similar teachers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Students’ performance in public and private schools differ a lot. Private schools often have better grades and test scores. It is proven that kids who go to a public school and attend a private school perform better (Williams 17). Student performance varies but the advantage would probably have to go to the private schools.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Teachers in private and public schools are similar yet have some differences. There are about 2.7 million teachers and other faculty members in public schools (Klieg 22). There are about 400,000 teachers and other faculty members in private schools (Klieg 22). Of all these teachers only about 71% of private school teachers are licensed where 97.4% of public teachers are licensed (Williams 61). That makes the public teachers sound good, but there is also this little fact that they’re leaving out. Public school teachers aren’t even qualified to be teaching the subjects that they teach a lot of the time (Williams 46). Perhaps this is why the private school students are doing better than the public school students are. Or maybe it is because the average student to teacher ratio is better than public schools. This ratio is 17 students to 1 teacher in public schools where it is 14.9 students to 1 teacher in private schools (Williams 46). A good reason why private education is made out to be so much better than public schools is not necessarily because of the teachers, but the way private schools are able to hand pick each one of their students (Phillips Internet). Most likely they are going to pick the richest and smartest students they can. Why the richest and the smartest? Well if they pick the richest students it’s going to help the school financially. While the smarter students make the school and their teachers look good. So all in all teachers are all pretty equal besides maybe a few differences. How about teachers and their salaries? Teachers who are getting paid less are probably going to do a worse job right? WRONG! Private school teachers are usually paid about 12,000 dollars less than public school teachers ... ...ver child they want into their school. Who know, but it seems that public education can and needs to be improved maybe slightly more than private education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Is money really the answer to everything? Some may think that their school does not have enough money and that’s why their students are doing so poorly. But more than likely money doesn’t play such a big part in the academic achievement of the students in school. For example: New Jersey is rated number 1 in terms of money per a student but yet they’re rated 29th in the basic student achievement (Williams 192). So before you blame your poor education on insufficient funds next time stop and think of these little facts. So what’s this saying? Maybe money is not the answer to everything.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So therefore private and public education is similar to an extent. However they do show many differences also. As shown they were different in their performance, enrollment, and the overall education taught. Private and public schools don’t have that much in common, but are their things that they do have in common but just didn’t get mentioned? Yes there are many more topics that are similar and different that we didn’t get into.

Sexism in Football Assessment

Sexism In Football Since time began, feminists worldwide have demanded equal rights and yes, they’ve probably said just about everything there is to say about sexism. We all dream of the day when women and men are treated with the same amount of respect, attention and understanding. But will this day ever come? Sexism should be non-existent and football is no exception. Sexism can begin in the simplest of places; a primary school for example. Picture this, a group of boys are playing a football match in the school playground, one of the girls in the class decides to join the game.The boys are aware of her presence, but decide to ignore this fact and continue the match around her. She approaches the boys at the end of the match and asks: â€Å"Why didn’t you pass the ball to me? † In reply, one of the young Ronaldo-wannabes says: â€Å"Because you’re a girl. Girls can’t play football. † What they don’t know is that, in many years to com e, she will become England’s best female footballer, representing both Arsenal Ladies and the England National Team. Professional football clearly has a huge effect on society. Even as a fan of football, a woman can still be a target of sexism.The misconception that females watch the game solely for the ‘hot guys’, is present in the minds of most men. Although this isn’t necessarily true for all women, the generalization is that all women think like this and it is both offensive and inconsiderate. It is clear to all football fans that it is pointless to support a club because of a good-looking or specifically skilful player; you have to love and believe in the whole team. It’s obvious that a woman can love a team as much as any man can, she’s capable of cheering and spurring her team on with the same amount of passion that any man could.Football is a game that is meant to unite. Bring people together, no matter of their background or way of l ife. The beautiful game. So surely women should be respected and be as much of a part of the game as anyone else. Sexism at this level is fairly controllable. But it’s when it begins to affect people’s lives that it is unacceptable. Take for example, the ridiculous incident involving Sian Massey, the professional, fully qualified referee. The day when she assisted at the Liverpool vs Wolverhampton match.After making a correct offside call, she was wrongly criticised by commentators Andy Gray and Richard Keys; who mentioned that she didn’t know the offside rule, due to the fact that she’s a woman. Yet the male referee in the Germany vs England match last year didn’t know what constitutes a goal? I don’t think anyone based it on the fact that he was a man. Atrocious. But conflict also occurs off the pitch, with supporting roles, such as physiotherapists under attack. Sexism extends right to the top of the profession, as Sir Alex Ferguson prove d in 1994, when a female physiotherapist applied for a job at Manchester United.She received a ‘hurtful and insulting’ letter in reply that was completely and utterly out of touch with modern day thinking. He even had the audacity to say that his players didn’t like the thought of women being involved in football. Surely, if a woman has the same training and experience as a man, she should have equal opportunity? 17 years on we’d all like to think that this was a one-off incident and that women do have a role on and off the pitch, but for this to happen the whole ‘laddish’ football culture needs to change. Money is a constantly debated subject in the world of football; from player’s wages to transfer fees.But the difference in the wages of male and female footballers is ridiculous. To give you a rough idea of the extent, Lionel Messi, the best male player in the world, earns roughly ? 35million a year, whereas Marta Vieria da Silva, the best female player in the world, earns roughly ? 255,000 a year. Both these people play the same game, both represent their country and they were both recently voted as the best players in the world; the only difference is their sex. So why does Messi get paid 100 times more than Marta? There are many campaigns running all over the country to promote women’s football.Recently, 2011 X Factor finalists, Belle Amie, visited a local girl’s football match in Birmingham. They were happy to express their feelings about the matter with us: â€Å"We think it’s really important to support women in the football industry. As a predominantly male game it’s important to remind people that women can play the sport at a high level too. † This sort of promotion will help to develop everyone’s understanding that women have a key part to play in the beautiful game and that there is no reason why football should still be a male-dominated game.

Contemporary Philosophy Essay

On the first page of Being and Time, Heidegger describes the project in the following way: Our aim in the following treatise is to work out the question of the sense of being and to do so concretely. Heidegger claims that traditional ontology has prejudicially overlooked this question, dismissing it as overly general, indefinable, or obvious. Instead Heidegger proposes to understand being itself, as distinguished from any specific entities. †Being† is not something like a being. â€Å"Being, Heidegger claims, is â€Å"what determines beings as beings, that in terms of which beings are already understood. † Heidegger is seeking to identify the criteria or conditions by which any specific entity can show up at all. If we grasp Being, we will clarify the meaning of being, or â€Å"sense† of being, whereby â€Å"sense† Heidegger means that â€Å"in terms of which something becomes intelligible as something. † According to Heidegger, as this sense of being precedes any notions of how or in what manner any particular being or beings exist, it is pre-conceptual, non-propositional, and hence pre-scientific. Thus, in Heidegger’s view, fundamental ontology would be an explanation of the understanding preceding any other way of knowing, such as the use of logic, theory, specific ontology or act of reflective thought. At the same time, there is no access to being other than via beings themselves—hence pursuing the question of being inevitably means asking about a being with regard to its being. Heidegger argues that a true understanding of being can only proceed by referring to particular beings, and that the best method of pursuing being must inevitably, he says, involve a kind of hermeneutic circle, that is as he explains in his critique of prior work in the field of hermeneutics, it must rely upon repetitive yet progressive acts of interpretation. Thus, Heidegger also conceptualized that being with time prior of having that time alone. This means that we can’t have time by simply telling that time exists but we also need to have that sense of being or the individual being to say that time really exist. Time in other hand, makes a history because of that sense of being which Heidegger rely on with his work of the Time and Being.

Business Corporations and their Role in the Industry

Business Corporations and their Role in the Industry Introduction Business Corporations define objectives that are used to help in reinforcing the position of business Companies; this leads towards strengthening of some respected positions within the industries which establishes the business above existing competitors. Business ethics and regulations are observed for the purposes of realigning business institutions towards their respectful positions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Corporations and their Role in the Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The corporate and financial ethics revolves around the company’s key strengths and opportunities, and at the same time assist in preventing any form of weaknesses as well as protecting the company against threats. However, there is a possibility that a company could create competitive advantage through the implementation of appropriate business models (Camardella, 2003, pp. 103-107) Summary of the au thor’s overall view-point The author focuses on the current moral ethics and lifetime decisions which require address in the life of businessmen. The issues pertaining to work place ethics are explicitly addressed within the case study. The author focuses on Tyco’s policies which require revision as a result of numerous scandals experienced annually. This is since formal auditing used by the company results into some of the harmful implications which incorporates various negative publicity and disastrous results on the side of top management. According to the author, management should be capable of scrutinizing various cost structures within the company for the purposes of settling for less expensive and trusted auditing methods. Hence, the benefits of bylaws, including clear lines of accountability and long term effects should also help in solidifying the Company’s choices. Due to some disorganization within the Company’s management and employees it was necessary that instead of using corrupt formal audit report to keep the staff accountable to their duties, the process of reorganizing the staff could more importantly assist in establishing clear rules on accountability (Deming, 1986). Discussion on the major issues presented in the case Several issues are presented in the case study all of which focuses on financial management ethics, compensation processes and means, at the same time fraudulent cases facing the company’s top management team. There is also the essence of power struggle amongst the employees.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The central problem in Tyco case revolves around the nature of disconnect in power and authority; this is whereby small group of employees including the CEO and some board members assumed the role of managing various sectors of the Company and maintained control of the s taff and policies. The nature of control of this core group from the top managers, CEO and CFO, determined the outcome of every process within Tyco; this brought lots of conflict within the Company’s management team. This nature of dominance led to easy articulation of fraudulent activities including customer related services, of which corrective attempts could not be made since even investigative bodies such as PWHC were involved (Chan Lynn, 1991, pp. 57-87). Additionally, â€Å"sloppy† and â€Å"corner-cutting† ways proved second in nature for the top management team who never entertained the grievances of their junior employees. This is clearly depicted on the power struggle saga where one employee was forced to resign from his duties, owing to conflict with one of the board members. Employees, who attempted to challenge the Company’s fraudulent practices, were immediately silenced. This, in turn, led to an undercurrent of unrest amongst the employees (Stanwick and Stanwick, 2009). Questions for thought Research reveals that workers could only be motivated through payment. The theory of scientific management addresses some crucial issues concerning workers. According to the case study there is a perspective that Kozlowski do not naturally enjoy work therefore calling for close supervision for perfect work to be done. This calls for managers at various capacities to develop process breakdown which entails different tasks performed. This could have made it difficult for the CEO to perform any fraudulent actions since clear records could have prevented his moves.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business Corporations and their Role in the Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Despite all these, employees should also be equipped through appropriate training methods and equipments which enable them to perform their duties effectively with respect to ethics safegua rding purchase of equipments within the market. Payment should be made based on delivery, the level of performance and time taken to complete full transactions (Stanwick and Stanwick, 2009). The term commingling is always used whenever, fiduciary, which presents the person entrusted with the management of funds other than his or her own, decides to embezzle the same funds for individual benefits without clear records from the company. Tyco’s case presents various means where the respective company officials’ including the CEO breaches their fiduciary duties. Tyco’s top management officials were drawn into several commingling cases; for example Mark Belnick was charged with a case whereby he took loans and bonuses from the company without proper authorization and at the same time purchased apartment in New York using the company’s funds but instead indicated only his name on the assets. At the same time the company’s funds were used to organize for Kozlowski’s wife birthday which according to the CEO was part of the company’s business function which was not the case. Tyco funds were used by the CEO on some occasions to maintain his residential homes in Florida as well as purchasing some of his personal effects (Stanwick and Stanwick, 2009). It was not possible for the board to identify the various adjustments since some of its members were also involved in the many scandals within the company. This made it easier for vital information to be blocked from reaching the board for further discussions. The company was focused more so in the mechanistic perspective where they dealt with members collectively rather than individually (Stanwick and Stanwick, 2009). References Camardella, M.J., (2003). Effective Management of the Performance Appraisal Process. Employment Relations Today, 30(1), pp. 103-107. Chan, Y.C. Lynn, B.E., (1991). Performance Evaluation and the Analytic Hierarchy Process. Journal of Management Accou nting Research, (1), pp. 57-87.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Deming, W.E., (1986). Out of the Crisis. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Centre for Advanced Engineering Study. Stanwick, P.A. Stanwick, S.D. (2009). Understanding business ethics (1st ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Apartheid Era Blacks Act No 67 of 1952

Apartheid Era Blacks Act No 67 of 1952 Definition: The Blacks (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act No 67 of 1952 (commenced 11 July) repealed early laws, which differed from province to province, relating to the carrying of passes by Black male workers (e.g. the Native Labour Regulation Act of 1911) and instead required all black persons over the age of 16 in all provinces to carry a reference book at all times. They were required by law to produce the book when requested by any member of the police or by an administrative official. The pass included a photograph, carried details of place of origin, employment record, tax payments, and encounters with the police. A special court system was devised to enforce the pass law – people appearing at such commissioners courts were considered guilty until they had proven their innocence. During the 60s, 70s and 80s around 500,000 Blacks were arrested each year, their cases tried (mainly uncontested), and in the 60s fined or sentenced to a short prison term. From the early 70s the convicted were deported to Bantustans instead (under the Admission of Persons to the Republic regulation Act No 59 of 1972). By the mid 80s, by which time almost 20 million people had been arrested (and tried, fined, imprisoned, or deported), the pass law had become increasingly difficult to enforce and it was abandoned. Repealed by the Identification Act No 72 of 1986. Also Known As: Natives (Abolition of Passes and Co-ordination of Documents) Act No 67 of 1952

When Not To Use the Personal A of Spanish

When Not To Use the Personal A of Spanish The general rule is that the personal a of Spanish is used before a direct object when that object is a person or an animal or thing that has been personified. However, there are exceptions. The personal a is either optional or not used when the direct object is a nonspecific person, when following the verb tener, or to avoid awkwardness when two as would be close to each other in a sentence. Omitting the Personal A When the Person Isn’t Specific Perhaps the best way to state the biggest exception to the rule is to clarify the rule. Rather than saying that the personal a is used before people, it would best to say that the personal a is used only with specific, known, or identified human beings (or animals or things that have been personified). In other words, if the person is treated as a member of a category rather than as a known person, the personal a isnt needed. Here are some examples of the difference: Busco a mi novio. (I am looking for my boyfriend. Here, the boyfriend is a specific, known person, even though his name isnt given.)Busco un novio. (I am looking for a boyfriend. Here the boyfriend is merely someone who is a member of a category. We do not know who the person is, or even if he exists.)No conozco a tu bisabuela. (I dont know your grandmother. We have the persons identify even if her name isnt given.)No conozco una sola bisabuela. (I dont know a single great-grandmother. As in the case of the boyfriend above, the person is talking about a hypothetical person rather than an identified one.)Necesito una secretario. (I need a secretary. The speaker needs assistance, but not necessarily from a specific person.)Necesito a la secretario. (I need the secretary. The speaker needs a specific person.) As a result, some sentences can have a slightly different meaning, depending on whether the a is used. For example, we might say El FBI busca a un hombre de 40 aà ±os, meaning that the FBI is looking for a specific 40-year old man, perhaps the one who committed a crime. If we say El FBI busca un hombre de 40 aà ±os, it suggests the FBI is looking for a 40-year-old man in general, perhaps for a criminal lineup or for some other purpose where it doesnt particularly matter which 40-year-old man it finds. The main exception to this clarified rule is that certain pronouns, such as alguien (someone) and nadie (no one), always require the personal a when used as direct objects, even when they refer to no specific person. Example: No conozco a nadie.  (I dont know anybody.) Dropping the Personal A After Tener When tener is used to indicate have in the sense of having a close relationship, the personal a is not used even if the direct object is known. Tenemos tres hijos. (We have three sons.)La compaà ±ia tiene muchos empleados. (The company has many employees.)Ya tengo mà ©dico de atencià ³n primaria. (I already have a primary-care doctor.) When tener is used to mean have someone in a role, however, the personal a is retained: Tengo a mi hermana como amiga de Facebook. (I have my sister as a Facebook friend.) Avoiding Two As in a Sentence Sometimes a sentence following the general rule would have two as, especially when a verb is followed by direct object and then an indirect object. In such cases, the personal a before the direct object is omitted. The listener will then understand that the object without a preceding a is the direct object. In this way, such sentences often mimic the word order in English. Mandà © mi hijo a su profesor. (I sent my son to his teacher. Note the lack of a before hijo.)El bombero llevà ³ Pablo a mi madre. (The firefighter carried Pablo to my mother.) Key Takeaways Although Spanish uses a personal a when a person is a direct object, the personal a is not used unless the person is a known person rather than someone who merely fits a category.An exception is that the personal a is required with nadie and alguien.The personal a is often not used following the verb tener, even if the object is a known person.

Design, synthesis and pharmacological tests of leukotrienes A4 Dissertation

Design, synthesis and pharmacological tests of leukotrienes A4 hydrolase inhibitors as a potential targets of interest in cancer - Dissertation Example Chemical shifts (?) are reported in parts per million (ppm) relative to TMS and the coupling constants (J) are described in hertz. IR spectrums were obtained using Perkin Elmer Spectrum 100 FT-IR spectrometer, wavenumbers (?) in cm-1 Methods 1. Preparation of (Z)-(((5-(2-bromo-2-nitrovinyl)-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis (methylene))dibenzene (43) Scheme 26 Synthesis of (E)-(((5-(2-nitrovinyl)-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))bis(methylene))dibenzene (43). In a 25 ml round bottom flask a solution of 3,5-dibenzyloxy-benzaldexyde (318.4 mg, 1.0 mmol) in xylene (mixture of isomers, 10 ml) were added bromonitromethane (279.9 mg, 2 mmol), dimethylamine bromide (1.134 g, 9 mmol) and potassium fluoride (8.7 mg, 0.15 mmol). The flask was equipped with a Dean-Stark system and the mixture was heated at reflux temperature until the disappearance of the aryl-aldehyde by TLC (usually noted after a reaction time of 4-5 hours). Toluene (10 ml) was added and the reaction was left refluxing for 18 hours. After bei ng cooled at room temperature, the reaction mixture was evaporated under vacuum to remove xylene, then diluted with water and extracted with CH2Cl2 (3?20 mL). In some cases a filtration over Celite ® surface was required in order to remove excess of reagent residues prior to extraction. The organic phase was then washed with water, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. Crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel (40 g) using mixtures of Hexane and AcOEt of increased polarity. The target compound was afforded as a brown oil (45 mg, 10% yield) 2. Preparation of (E)-1-(benzyloxy)-4-(2-nitrovinyl)benzene (50) Scheme 27 Synthesis of (E)-1-(benzyloxy)-4-(2-nitrovinyl)benzene (50). In a round 250 ml bottom flask, a solution of 4-bezyloxybenzaldehyde (6.36 g, 0.03 mol) in toluene (75 ml) was prepared. To this solution, nitromethane (17.7 ml, 0.33 mol), dimethylamine hydrobromide (15.108 g, 0.12 mol) and potassium fluoride (341.5 mg, 4.5 mmol) w ere added. The flask was equipped with a Dean-Stark system and the mixture was heated at reflux temperature until the disappearance of the aryl-aldehyde by TLC. After 3 hours and 45 minutes, the reaction flask was cooled at room temperature and the reaction mixture was evaporated under vacuum to remove toluene, then filtered under Celite surface and the filtrate was diluted with brine, dried over anhydrous MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum. After, the crude product was purified by chromatography on silica gel (90 ml of pure CH2Cl2) to provide the corresponding (E)-1-(benzyloxy)-4-(2-nitrovinyl) benzene (50) as a solid mass (0.55 g, 7.25% yield), which was later purified by flash column chromatography. IR ?max (KBr): 3109.9, 1687.9, 1625.9, 1596.8, 1509.3, 1490.6, 1463.2, 1455.4, 1425.0, 1384.9, 1336.9, 1307.3, 1245.7, 1167.2, 1122.4, 1080.9, 1031.2, 987.0, 921.2, 869.5, 849.4, 818.6, 751.1, 726.9, 697.1, 654.9, 616.2, 551.6, 528.5, 520.0, 505.3, 463.0, 416.9, 406.0 cm-1. 3. Preparation of 1-(benzyloxy)-4-(2-nitroethyl)benzene (51) Scheme 28 Synthesis of 1-(benzyloxy)-4-(2-nitroethyl)benzene. 200mg of (E)-1-(benzyloxy)-4-(2-nitrovinyl)benzene were added to a flask containing 1.55g of silica gel. Then 2.3 ml of 2-propanol and 12.5 ml of chloroform were added. Then 117mg, 3.1 mmol of NaBH4 was added. The solution was stirred at room tempera

Case study ( community nutrition) child nutrition program Essay

Case study ( community nutrition) child nutrition program - Essay Example Recent studies have shown that 40% of calories taken by the children in school lunch come from fats, which is highly undesirable as fats should not contribute more than 30% of total calorie intake, and of that less than 10 percent should be from saturated fats. Such eating habits coupled with lack of physical activity have invariably led to increase in incidence of obesity among school children with 12 percent high school students and 14 percent elementary school students falling prey to obesity, considering students with weights greater than 85th percentile for their age. The decrease in physical activity has mainly been due to reduction in number of physical activity periods from once a day to twice a week due to increased burden of studies, which eats into the time that should ideally be left for allowing school children to play or exercise. So the solution lies in making students more aware of usefulness sports and exercises play in their lives, promoting healthy eating habits, i ncreasing incentives to eat healthier foods, banning fried or fast foods from school canteens and organising programs aiming at correcting false eating habits. As the director the Child Nutrition Program I have identified elementary school going children as the ones with the greatest risk factors. They have levels of obesity standing at 14 percent. Considering the importance of inculcating the right habits at a early stage with regards to eating and physical activity they should be the prime focus group. Also these children are very impressionable but not exposed to the latest findings and research on healthier and better ways of living, therefore, they can easily be mislead by the marketing world who target children of this age group as their prime consumer base. The approach for such a pilot program should be multifaceted. There is a need to create a general

The Giver By lois lowry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Giver By lois lowry - Essay Example The Giver slowly began to shake his head, and then stood up. Putting his arm around Jonas, they both began to walk the load road to what ever it was lay beyond. The Giver turned his head back and looked upon the city once more, and softly began to sob as him and Jonas began their walk to escape. "Jonas, I have seen them. The people, they do not know how to deal with the memories that were unleashed with our leaving. Chaos has near erupted, and they have are not dealing with the memories well. They need one of us to help them." Jonas fluttered his eyes as he awoke to the Giver's words. All he had wanted was escape, and now he felt compelled to return to the one place he wished not to. They should feel these feelings he thought, they should know what the world truly is. But his own conscience and feelings got the best of him, and in his heart Jonas knew the Giver was right. As much as he wanted to be as far apart from the horrible world he left behind, he owed it to them to help them deal with the memories and feelings he had left them. He did not wish to do this, however he knew it was the right thing to do. The journey was as difficult was it was the first time. The country side and the rough terrain made Jonas doubt this was worth it at all. The first trip has been barely impossible for the aging Giver, and with every step he looked as if he were one step closer to his own grave. Jonas did not want to see this trip be the death of the man he revered, but he feared for the worst. The Giver stumbled, and fell over a root in the ground. Jonas rushed to his side, and found the Giver fighting to hold on to what remained of his life. "Jonas, Jonas. Come closer Jonas. This is how it was meant to be. I will soon be with Rosemary, my daughter again. You must lead the people and help them. They will ask what happened to me, and in my death offer an excuse for leaving. Say I knew I would die and wished to die outside the city, and that you and me took this one final trip. Lead them in their new path of life Jonas. I have taught you everything I know, but have saved one last memory for you until now." Jonas soon began to hear things, noises he had never heard before. The soft gentle lull of music swept over him, as the fading notes of the Giver's last memory passed into him. The Giver smiled, and then passed on into the beyond. Jonas began to cry, knowing that his friend was now

Week 12 Replies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 12 Replies - Essay Example nice post! i can only imagine how difficult it was to implement that kind of change regarding cell phone use. because people seem to be connected at the hip with their cellphones it is really difficult to find a way to keep everyone in tow. the solution your company came up with is great. however, what is going to be the effect on company expenses in the long run? i mean if im the employee and i knew i was going to get a gift, then id always try to fill up my card fast. hi nice post! you are right. unless people do not see the reason why a change is needed, they will not support the move for change. it is important to show them that the need is necessary. this is the only time people can decide whether they will support the change or not. Thats true Antonia. Meeting all members/workers and listening to their concerns shows them that management respects them. This will foster loyalty. However, I think it also depends on the size of the organization. it can be hard to do this for a very large organization. nice post! i think it will always be hard to implement changes especially if the change affects ones lifestyle. this is something personal. like your example, ive seen many places prohibit smoking in their grounds/facility. what the smokers did was move to a parking lot near those buildings and smoke there instead. i think if people want to get around a change, they will find a way. Hi nice post. i agree with your steps you will take as a leader to meet resistance to change. you are right. forcing change on people without open communication will have bad results. being open to all stakeholders will indeed facilitate a smoother

Western heritage Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Western heritage - Assignment Example The ideal person is defined as one who is responsible, law abiding and reasonable, he does what is right throughout his life and is considered a valuable member of the human race. In Cliffs Notes on Homer’s The Iliad entitled, â€Å"The Hero and Homeric Culture,† the Homeric hero is one who abides by social and cultural norms of the community and has to preserve the social and religious rites of the society (Mathews and Platt 45). This hero accepts no responsibility for his actions as he is deemed to be controlled by the gods. This belief leads to him not acting in an ideal way. The hero is seen as a proud and angry person who sees his personal honor as the most valuable thing. The ideal person is selfless and upholds other people’s wellbeing. In Cliffs Notes on Virgil’s The Aeneid Aeneas, the hero must possess characteristics such as tolerance, obedience to the will of the gods, and reverence for ancestors as seen through Aeneas. The true representation of an ideal character is, therefore, one who acts, not for his own good, but for the good of society as a whole. He is humble, righteous according to the morals laid down by the community and takes responsibility for his actions regardless of the consequences. The ideal person looks, for friendly ways to resolve conflict without resulting to war. Joseph Campbell’s book entitled â€Å"The Hero with a Thousand Faces†, examines the mono myth theory as â€Å"A hero ventures forth from the world of common day, into a region of supernatural wonder. Forces are there encountered, and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man†. Campbell describes the stages in mono myth: the hero starts the journey in the ordinary world he is then called into the extraordinary land where he undergoes tests and trials where he discovers his hidden abilities, he then chooses whether to return to the ordinary world to use

Discuss Marxs concepts of alienation and exploitation Essay

Discuss Marxs concepts of alienation and exploitation - Essay Example Some would say that Alienation itself is a completely subjective state of being, this is debatable at best. His theory relies on Feuerbach's The Essence of Christianity (1841), which argues that the idea of God has alienated the characteristics of the human being. Stirner would take the analysis further in The Ego and Its Own (1844), declaring that even 'humanity' is an alienating ideal for the individual, to which Marx and Engels responded in The German Ideology (1845). According to Karl Marx, there are many ways that people are alienated in capitalism. The workers apparently lose control of their lives and selves in not having any control of their work. Workers, thus, never become powerful, self-realized human beings in any significant sense. Marx attributes four types of alienation in labour under capitalism:[1] alienation of the worker from the product, since this is appropriated by the capitalist class, and so escapes the worker's control; alienation from the act of production itself, such that work comes to be a meaningless activity, offering little or no intrinsic satisfactions.

Western heritage Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Western heritage - Assignment Example The ideal person is defined as one who is responsible, law abiding and reasonable, he does what is right throughout his life and is considered a valuable member of the human race. In Cliffs Notes on Homer’s The Iliad entitled, â€Å"The Hero and Homeric Culture,† the Homeric hero is one who abides by social and cultural norms of the community and has to preserve the social and religious rites of the society (Mathews and Platt 45). This hero accepts no responsibility for his actions as he is deemed to be controlled by the gods. This belief leads to him not acting in an ideal way. The hero is seen as a proud and angry person who sees his personal honor as the most valuable thing. The ideal person is selfless and upholds other people’s wellbeing. In Cliffs Notes on Virgil’s The Aeneid Aeneas, the hero must possess characteristics such as tolerance, obedience to the will of the gods, and reverence for ancestors as seen through Aeneas. The true representation of an ideal character is, therefore, one who acts, not for his own good, but for the good of society as a whole. He is humble, righteous according to the morals laid down by the community and takes responsibility for his actions regardless of the consequences. The ideal person looks, for friendly ways to resolve conflict without resulting to war. Joseph Campbell’s book entitled â€Å"The Hero with a Thousand Faces†, examines the mono myth theory as â€Å"A hero ventures forth from the world of common day, into a region of supernatural wonder. Forces are there encountered, and a decisive victory is won: the hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with the power to bestow boons on his fellow man†. Campbell describes the stages in mono myth: the hero starts the journey in the ordinary world he is then called into the extraordinary land where he undergoes tests and trials where he discovers his hidden abilities, he then chooses whether to return to the ordinary world to use

The Environmental Impact Assessment Process Essay

The Environmental Impact Assessment Process - Essay Example EIA has the potential of cutting down on costs involved in an unanticipated environmental impact (PADC, 2007, pg.7). The costs involved in facilitating the changes that have to be made upon completion of the project, due to environmental effects, will be more than the costs involved in trying to avoid the harmful ramifications (EIA, 2015). The processes involved in coming up with an EIA report may not necessarily translate to a delay in the planning of the project. However, experience has shown that delays experienced in the planning of projects can be significantly reduced with an effective EIA that will lead to saving time and costs. The exact period of coming up with an EIA may range from anywhere between three months to two years. The time depends on factors such as the nature of the project, its location and availability of research data. It is highly recommended that the process of EIA be integrated with other project planning activities so that it can be carried out at the same time with the rest of the project. The integration will enable saving of time, thus avoiding delays as a result of the EIA planning. The EIA process raises environmental issues that have to be put into consideration when carrying out the planning of any project. The EIA has the potential of necessitating the redesigning or delaying of a project. It can also offer suggestions that can be made on the project once it has been found out that the project can cause significant impacts on the environment. An effective EIA will have the effect of cutting down on costs and delays that otherwise would have affected the planning of the project. Therefore, EIA makes a significant difference to projects and decision-making once it has been approved. 2. Critically review the role of consultation and public participation (CPP) in the EIA process. Indicate the benefits and difficulties associated with undertaking CPP at various stages and in involving various types of stakeholders, and discuss the main methods of achieving effective CPP. Use examples as appropriate in your answer.

The American Dream Essay Example for Free

The American Dream Essay â€Å"The American Dream† has a few interpretations, but one of the most popular is â€Å"Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness† which is the dream that most Americans strive for. In simpler terms, The American Dream is the opportunity of the pursuit of freedom, opportunity, and satisfaction of needs and wants. As Thomas Wolfe said, â€Å" to every man, regardless of his birth, his shining, golden opportunity the right to live, to work, to be himself, and to become whatever thing his manhood and his vision can combine to make him† (Wolfe2). This quote explains how everyone in the United States gets the right to fulfill this American Dream: to function as a member of modern day society and to pursue his or her hopes and dreams. If you come to America underprivileged or destitute, then you have the chance to turn that around through hard work and determination. As the explanation of the term states, everyone has the opportunity to achieve the American Dream, depending on how much effort they put in or how fortunate they are. In other words, some people will be able to work hard, achieve their dreams, while others will work hard, and not end up being fortunate enough to complete their goals. In most case, everyone’s American dream is not the same some people have different careers in which they would want to follow. Over time, the American Dream has changed more it is not any more talk about freedom it is more about their personal belonging and etc†¦ stuff that people would need to make their American dream come true. Four years have passed during this shot and the Depression has taken its toll. Braddock has lost his savings, can scarcely get $30 a bout and then has his license taken away after fighting with a broken hand. Work is short on the New Jersey docks and arbitrarily assigned and Jim is threatened with his starving children being handed over by their devoted mother to relatives that are more prosperous. The ultimate humiliation comes when he goes cap in hand to the gathering place of fight promoters, begging for the money to pay his utility bills. Then, in 1934, his old manager, Joe Gould, also facing penury but desperately keeping up middle-class appearances, gets him a one-off fight at the Garden, filling in after a last-minute cancellation. He is expected to lose to a promising newcomer, but he scores a surprise knockout. Because the fight is on the lower half of a card the night Max Baer humiliated world champion Primo Carnera, his performance attracts attention. Gould persuades a cynical promoter to exploit the publicity generated by this underdog and two fights later Braddock is an unlikely contender for the world title now held by Baer, the strongest puncher of his generation, a man who had killed two opponents. As we know, Braddock won. The long-standing appeal of A Raisin in the Sun lies in the fact that the familys dreams and aspirations for a better life are not confined to their race, but can be identified with by people of all backgrounds. Even though what that better life may look like is different for each character, the underlying motivation is universal. The central conflict of the play lies in Walters notion of this American dream. Walter buys into the middle-class ideology of materialism. The notion of the self-made man who starts with nothing and achieves great wealth through hard work seems innocuous enough, but the idea can become pernicious if it evolves into an idolization of wealth and power. In the beginning, Hansberry shows how Walter envies Charlie Atkins dry-cleaning business because it grosses $100,000 a year. He ignores Ruths objection to his potential business partners questionable character and dismisses his mothers moral objection to achieving his goals by running a liquor store. The liquor store is a means to an end, and Walter is desperate for his dreams to come to fruition. That same Machiavellian ethic is demonstrated when Walter plans to accept Mr. Lindners offer. Walter is not concerned with the degrading implications of the business deal. It is simply a way to recover some of the lost money. However, Hansberry challenges Walters crude interpretation of the American dream by forcing him to actually carry out the transaction in front of his son. Walters inability to deal with Mr. Lindner marks a significant revision of his interpretation of the American dream, a dream that inherently prioritizes justice and equality over money.

Homeless Americans Essay -- essays research papers fc

In our current time of economic prosperity in the United States, many people are enjoying greater wealth, higher earnings, and profitable investments. Unemployment rates are reported to be low, and wages high. Yet there is still an extraordinary amount of homeless people living in the United States. In an article entitled â€Å"The Criminalization of Homelessness† Celine-Marie Pascale tries to convey how the homeless are being treated unfairly by society. Criminalization might be a little too strong a word to apply to the punishment of homeless people, but Pascale is trying to make a statement about the homeless situation in the United States today. I would like to take a closer look at this article and examine the points she is trying to make. Pascale begins her article by stating that many U.S. cities are enacting laws which would punish homeless individuals for doing things many ‘ordinary’ people do all the time. For instance, loitering or sleeping in public (320). She states that the California Homeless and Housing Coalition estimates that there are around a million homeless people in California alone. Eight self governed cities in southern California and at least one city in northern California passed anti-sleeping laws, says Pascale (320). Another law in the city of San Francisco states that it is â€Å"illegal to linger for more than 60 seconds within 30 feet of an automatic teller in use† (321). The city of San Francisco spent a lot of time and money to arrest 15 people for begging in 1993 and Pascale alleges that there are several other major cities in the U.S. with similar laws (321). According to Pascale, Berkeley uses trespassing laws and loitering laws to keep people off the sidewalks and away from places like parks and laundromats. And in Santa Cruz you can be arrested for sitting on a sidewalk, sleeping outside, or even sleeping in a car (321). Pascale asserts that the reason for these laws is to protect the businesses located around these areas. She also says that â€Å"no one wants to run a guantlet of panhandlers to get to a boutique or step over people sleeping on the sidewalk to buy a cappuccino† (321). And for that reason, most business owners think it reflects badly on them if there are homeless people loitering or sleeping in front of their store (321). Pascale points out that, in general, most people believe that it is the individual’s fault tha... ... people who can’t seem to handle life’s challenges turn to crime just so they can go to prison because prison is an easy way out for them. You get free housing and free food for as long as you are there. Although this is not the case in many situations, there are some who would find this arrangement appealing. In â€Å"The Criminalization of Homelessness,† Pascale does a fair job of showing her audience that homeless people are not being treated very well. She informs us of the problem by giving cited statistics and specific examples, but she could have included more details to make her point stronger. Webster’s dictionary defines a criminal as someone who is found guilty of a serious offense by violating the law. Homelessness is far from a serious offense, and it is far from being treated as a serious offense. But she is right that we need to change the way we handle the homeless. In my opinion, Pascale’s article was more of an informative essay on the laws of some cities than a serious article about the problem in this nation concerning homelessness. Works Cited Begrens, Laurence; Rosen, Leonard J. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum. 7th ed. New York, Longman, 2000. 320-322.

Alexander the Great Essay -- essays research papers

Alexander was born in July 356 B.C. to Philip II and his third wife, Olympias. The parents were far from a happy couple, and Alexander was raised primarily under the influence of his mother. At the age of thirteen, he was sent to study with Aristotle—an education that was for the most part formal. Aristotle promoted the belief that non-Greeks were naturally slaves, thus encouraging the prince's thirst for conquest. Ultimately, however, Alexander would reject this belief, at least implicitly, as he attempted to cooperate with the Persians even as he subjugated them. Returning to Macedonia after three years, Alexander soon had the opportunity to prove his strength in battle, as he subdued rebellions and contributed to his father's famous victory over Athens and Thebes at Chaeronea. But when Philip divorced Olympias and married Cleopatra, Alexander began to fear that his father was looking for a new heir, and the father and son had a falling out. Their dispute was shortly resolved, but both remained suspicious of the other. Indeed, Philip was soon assassinated by a guard who presumably had a personal grievance, though Alexander and his mother are traditionally thought to have played some kind of role in Philip's death. Alexander thus succeeded to the throne and began the inevitable dynastic purging of enemies. At the same time, he had to force the other Greek city-states to acknowledge his authority as Hegemon of the Hellenic League, which Philip had established. In doing so,...

Comparison and Contrast Paper: Medieval Characteristics

Prior Expectations Regarding Literary Masterpieces Patsy Baker ENG/106 March 25, 2013 Sandra Rooks Prior Expectations Regarding Literary Masterpieces Literature reveals the soul of a civilization. The manner in which a civilization develops is in direct correlation with the quality and nature of its literature. Literary masterpieces are treasure troves to be read, analyzed, and enjoyed. At first, many ancient masterpieces may seem hard to comprehend for a novice reader; however, the effort exerted to grasp their merit is well worth the result. A Yiddish saying states that life without creativity is existence without joy.Obtaining an understanding and appreciation of successful literature opens the door to learning about the author, the author’s culture, and the necessary elements to emulate the techniques to produce such a masterpiece. Exposure to literary masterpieces began in my high school years. Ontario educational standards required every student to take classes in Greek, Roman, and Norse literature. Learning ancient Greek and Latin enriched my education and understanding of the value of their literature, and studies of the techniques and styles of each genre.Comprehending the nuances of their languages enhanced the comprehension of these masterpieces. Also I learned illiteracy of the general populous was the reason for early writings written in poetic format so it could be sung. Hesiod, Homer, and Virgil were the master-storytellers who used elements such as personification, metaphors, onomatopoeia, and similes to make their stories come alive to the listener; for example, â€Å"The fertile earth being burnt, roared out†¦Ã¢â‚¬  provides an auditory picture of the viciousness of the battle (2008, p. 59). The Theogony†, â€Å"Iliad,† and â€Å"Aeneid† describe the hierarchy and intrigue of the immortals, including their interaction among themselves and with mortals. The style and techniques applied in literary masterpieces should reflect the religion, culture, or historical influences of the author’s life experiences. These elements contribute to the substance of the author’s presentation. For example, it would be extremely difficult for the Book of Genesis to be as effective in teaching the creation of mankind if it were written by a person whose religion was polytheistic.One of the key theme’s of Genesis is monotheism and that the Supreme Being created all things. Plato’s â€Å"The Apology† could have been incoherent and less effective without his knowledge of the knack of rhetoric learned from such teachers as Socrates. Sophocles understood the suffering of violence from living through the Peloponnesian Wars. Also his setting for â€Å"Oedipus the King† was Colonus, the same town he grew up in. Of note, he is acknowledged as the creator of skenographia—scene painting helping to define better the setting for his play. Finally, Sophocles used symbolism for the name of the hero—â€Å"Oidipous† means swollen foot.This name emphasizes the angst of Oedipus who was taunted in his youth. (2008, p. 501). The authenticity of the author’s writing must reflect the author’s life. The reader’s expectation of the author’s purpose for writing the literary masterpiece should not be a determinant for the reader’s expectations of its content. The purpose should become evident upon reading the entire piece. For example, the biblical story of Daniel in the lions’ den inspires courage and faith. The graphic violence in â€Å"Oedipus the King† is disturbing; however, it is thought-provoking.Some literary masterpieces can be painful. For example, reading the Apostle Luke’s description of Jesus’ crucifixion is emotionally painful and haunting; however, it spiritually enlightens the reader. Understanding literary masterpieces may be difficult to comprehend but not boring. Prede termined expectations of the purpose or proper reactions from literary pieces prejudice the reader and should, therefore, be avoided. Enthusiastic high school English teachers and talented Ancient Greek and Latin teachers encouraged my understanding and appreciation of literary masterpieces.Sometimes, it is hard for a teenager to believe the word â€Å"modern† is not always the best, and the word â€Å"ancient† is not always unpalatable. From these encounters, my understanding of cultures, religions, and writing skills expanded. I learned the effectiveness of literary devices such as irony, allegory, onomatopoeia, and satire. The historical time frame of the writing, the cultural aspects of the writer, and historical events within the piece are important aspects in evaluating the quality of literature.If possible, reading literature in its original language helps to increase the appreciation of the quality of its excellence. Finally, reading a piece of literature more than once may enlighten a reader concerning its qualities. Important characteristics of literary masterpieces must focus on artistic excellence, intellectual value, spiritual value, permanence, universal appeal, style, and be thought provoking. No literary piece can stand the test-of-time without these attribu tes. Consider the Torah and the Christian Bible. Their spiritual appeal affects millions of lives.Both have existed throughout the ages. They are thought provoking and have unique styles. The Psalms are well-known and possess all these attributes. For example, Psalms 23 is sung in both Jewish and Christian places of worship. The value of literary masterpieces to the world is immeasurable. There are some important influences of literary masterpieces on modern society. Freud based some of his concepts of psychoanalysis on Sophocles’ character of Oedipus. The Twelve Commandments from the Torah are the basis for civil laws prohibiting murder and theft.Concepts of human kind ness and acts of charity are based on Jesus’ teaching in the Four Gospels. Charitable and religious groups practice acts of kindness based on these writings. The aforementioned examples demonstrate the importance of literary masterpieces on modern society. Literature is a window allowing readers to see the personality of a civilization. It is a window to the mores, ideals, creativity, and spiritual heart of a civilization. There is immeasurable cultural and spiritual wealth in literary masterpieces.Although some literary masterpieces are difficult to understand, they are a spring of enlightenment to those who strive to grasp their value. The comprehension and admiration of literary masterpieces is a key to obtaining awareness and comprehension of the value of the writings. This key provides a portal to the world of the author, the civilization, and the tools to create such a work of art. Reference Damrosch, D. , Alliston, A. , Brown, M. , duBois, P. , Hafez, S. , Heise, U. K. , et al (2008). The Longman Anthology of World Literature. New York, NY: Pearson Education Inc.

American Society Today

The society of America today is total different for most Americans then what it was during the 1950s , 1960s , 1970s and on into the 80s. America today is one were black people have the vote and have the same rites as white men and women. Today the leader of the free world is Black some thing that many though would never happen in there generation. But there are still inequality in America today. Urban ghettos are still mostly full of uneducated black people. Black men in America are four times more likely to go to prison. Drop out rates for black students are higher then white and those going on to collage and university is lower then whites. This problem goose back centres. The problem is not because of today issue ( but they don’t help ) its because of how they were treated 100 of years. Black people were first bought over to America for free labour. They were bought over from African costal countries. They helped build the new America. The land of the free which we all know was not through. After the civil war and when slavery final became illegal. The black people of America started in a world that still had ways of putting them down. Also this lead to racial conflict. Examples of laws agents black people were Jim Crow laws. These were laws that made segregation the right of way for millions of people things like black people had to us different rest rooms to white people. Black people could not eat in the same area as white people. Black people could not site beside white people on bus and any other forms of public transport . All these laws enforced the idea that white people were inferior to black people and other ethnic groups like Asian and Latinos. After years of abuse from there own federal and state governments plus from normally every day people and groups like the KKK. Black people be came sick and tired of being suppressed. This is when things like the civil rights movement began to form. The civil rights movement most know able leader was Martin Luther King. A black doctorate in theology he became the spokes man for millions of black people not only in the south of America but also the north. The civil rights was a peaceful movement but this dose not mean they weren’t attacked. Women , Children , Men were all killed for being part of this group. White people manly of the south how would be republican right wing conservative. These people believed that things like homosexuality was an abomination , that federal govt should stay out of state policies and the army should have segregated and black people should have no vote or the same rites of any white person. These vies were not the same for all white people some believed in the civil rights movement and what it stranded for both in the south and north . They were the ones who mostly used violence’s against the civil rights movement. They boomed Kings house , killed people who tried to get black people to votes est. Things like this did help the civil rights movement in away. They got support from liberals how did not support violence and the support was at home and aboard. But when King was assonated by who we will never really find out. We seen the first wave of blacks using violence to retaliate against the federal but more so the state govts. After kings death there riots all across america. 46 people were killed. After kings death the civil rights movement changed. groups like the black panthers started fighting for the rites of black people using violence . They also had strong ties to drugs and crime. People like Malcolm X started encouraging violence agents white people. Many people believed what he was saying was through . At that stage the divide between blacks and whites was growing. With the boom of the economy in America more white people started moving out of the cites into the suburbs. This made an even bigger gap between whites and blacks. Black people could not afford to move out of the city centres. This meant that the city centres of most cites across America were mostly filled with black people. With this the government started spending less and less money on these areas. All these things add together like lack of jobs , poor education and health care meant that these areas became ghettos. With these ghettos came crime. People couldn’t get jobs and they still need to pay the bills and put food on the table. Selling and using of drugs became a huge problem in these areas. Using and supplying of drugs became easer in the cite ghettos with the lack of police in the areas. And with the drugs came crime. The situation was not helped when people could buy a news paper just as easy as a gun. Death by drugs and crime in these areas were higher then any were else’s in America. In the 1970s 30 per cent of America crimes were reported by six cites in America that only had 12 per cent of the total population of America. And these cites had large black ghettos and populations. Much of the crime in America was drug related. This had a ripple effect on the ghettos law and order was not respect. People how became addicts began robbing to pay for there habits. To make matters worse drug gangs started street battles over selling areas of the cites. The governments tried tackle the issue by building urban house for the people of these ghettos. They failed hugely. The high rise apartments became drug and crime ridden. The effects were seen through out life some of them were isolation , marriage break ups . Some governments did try tackling the issue people like J. F. K gave more money to education and job tanning in the areas. But the problem contained on. J. F. K. believed in what many were saying. He though that investing in education would close the gap between the white and black community. He believed that by teaching them from a young that there was no defences’ between white and black people that the gap would be closed between the two communities. In a way this did work children dint don’t see any differences between white and black at that young ages there still friends either way. Its when they grow up around racist ideology that them become racist themselves. But the gap still remind. White people living out in the suburbs of the cites of America they started setting up there own schools. They mite not have said it but they were all white schools. And then religious privet school started popping up all over America. These were just the same all white schools. Things like the brown case in 1954 were a black student had to travel on bus every day to get to any all black school when she lived rite next door to a white school. Her father both the case before the supreme court with support from the national association for the advance of coloured people ( NAACP). They won the case. But we know that not many things changed. when the case was won there was up rower in south with people believing that it would lead to mixed marries People in living in the ghettos saw the things Malcolm X and the black panthers to be saying true and be the only solution to the problem. This is when some black people started believing in racism they thought it be batter for black and white people to live separately. They thought they be batter off having there own black state were they would rule themselves. This made some sense for them some were they wouldn’t have to put up with the actions of white governments, but it was total against what they wouldn’t in a way they wonted an end to racism. Kings campaign and the civil rites movement was total against this. At the start of the civil rights campaign it was to have the rights of all race of all people , ethic groups and any other kind of minority be the same as the majority. But after the death of king things in the civil rights movement began to change. This is when racial conflict began to happen on a wider scale. Black people began attacking white people in retaliation to attacks by white racist groups like the KKK how did not represent the views of all white. Unseal the people attacked were usual did not wont to be involved they were inconstant people who just got pulled into a situation they did not wont to be part of. This is when the civil rights movement began to lose support around the world and from liberals in America. This is really when the civil rights movement ended. It was no longer about civil rights it began about violence in return for violence. All these things put together with other things going on at the same time in America like the space race , the fear of communism , and wars in Vietnam and American soldiers in other courtiers had a huge effect on the American society. American did change for the batter for the majority of people. Blacks , Latinos , Asians , Native American all in principal had the same rites as white people. But we all still know that racism and inequalities still happen in America today. Today in America the Black community is represented on state and federal government. Most people in Americas society are but native Americans are still under represented and go throw great hard ships and were problem treated worse by the American government then any other group like Asians est. ut on a whole America is batter of know then it was 50 years ago for every one including whit people. Things to get batter from what they are know all ethnic groups need to be represented on state and more importantly federal movements and things need to change in the field of education for every one to have the same rites educations in America should become free meaning that ever one has equally chances in life the same chances in life.

Disorderly Sleeping

Disorderly Sleeping Ethane Mesa-Morale's Franklin University Morning person? Night owl? Something in between? When are you at your best? Vie found that no matter the hour of day, I am the best me I can be after a good nights' sleep. Sleep a wonderful state of unconsciousness after shopping at the mall with a four year, a five year old, a six year old, and a 7 year old. Let's face it for some of us sleep is a luxury, better than a day at the spa, but the reasoning behind sleep and the various disorders, damages and wonders it can cause are a mystery to even the brightest scientific minds.What do we really know about the all-powerful world of sleep? We know that we should sleep at least 8 of every 24 hours. We know that there are 24 hours in a day and we know that it takes the earth 24 hours to rotate. (Rather, 100) Coincidence? I think not. The earth turns too circadian rhythm or cycle that is connected with the twenty four hour period of the earth's rotation, but we don't know why. F or now this remains one of the great mysteries of the universe, literally. So, what happens when we sleep? During most of our day, we are awake, conscious of the world around us.Once a body realizes it is tired, the natural reaction is to relax. As our bodies begin to get drowsy our consciousness or awareness begins to slip away into the unconscious state of sleep. We are then in whole new world. One where there are five progressive stages of unconsciousness. Four stages of NORM (non- rapid eye movement sleep) and ERM (rapid eye movement) sleep. In stage one of NORM, our bodies assisted by slowed brain waves that create a theta pattern, which have a frequency of about 6 to 8 cycles per second and are accompanied by slow, rolling eyes.Stage one is the lightest stage of sleep, and could also be considered dozing. In stage 2 of NORM sleep, brain waves slow Just a bit at 4 to 7 cycles per second. Stages 3 and 4 are considered the deep sleep stages and produce brain waves called delta th at cycle approximately 0. 5 to 2 times per second. (Rather, 101) It is at this time when it gets interesting. One would think after stage 4, there would be a transfer into ERM sleep, which is said to be the deepest sleep of all. This doesn't happen.The cycle is then reversed and from stage four we go cycle back though stages 3, 2, and 1. Upon returning to stage 1, we then fall into ERM sleep. Therefore it would be logical to conclude that while ERM sleep is much deeper than stage 1 sleep, the brain waves are extremely similar. The difference here would be in the amplitude of the brain waves and the rapidity of eye movement. During ERM sleep, our eyes tend to dart around rapidly as if searching for something lost that is urgently needed. Earlier we determined that sleep is necessary to function at 100%.Unfortunately, there are problems related to sleep that can interfere with our ability to function at inability to fall asleep or stay asleep, narcolepsy also, known as sleep attacks, pane, sleep terrors, bed-wetting and sleepwalking. Insomnia is a common sleep disorder affecting approximately 2/g's of adults each year. Pane is a sleep disorder in which an affected patient stops breathing often several hundred times a night. Sleep terrors are similar to nightmares but are extremely terrifying and interrupt sleep. Both bed-wetting and sleep-walking are both thought to end with maturity although, have been known to happen well into adulthood.Narcolepsy, while being a sleep disorder does not happen while you are asleep, instead it makes you fall asleep suddenly with no warning while you appear to be wide awake. It is a dangerous disorder and can cause various accidents including loss of life or limb. It is said that Abnormalities in the hypothetic system may be responsible for the daytime sleepiness and abnormal ERM sleep found in narcolepsy. (Chunk) It can often go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for years delaying treatment and preventing a cure. Once it has been corr ectly diagnosed, Amphetamines can be used in treatment.It is also suggested that regular exercise and exposure to bright eight be used for alertness in combination with alertness medicines prescribed by a physician. Sleeping disorders come in all shapes and sizes, and affect the smallest of children to the oldest of adults. For example, currently the sleep disorder in my family, and that of many families with young children is befitting. My son, who is four, Just can't seem to get up and get to the bathroom in time. The remedy in our house at the present time is to attempt to wake him up around 2 or 3 in the morning, unfortunately we don't always get to him before, well the you know, happens.Previously Vie had issues with sleep pane due to a medication given to me in the hospital. I was constantly monitored by nurses, who would constantly wake me to give me breathing treatments. Fortunately, insomnia is not a non-issue until about 7 am on Saturday and my darling devils decide it's t ime to play, but I suppose that form of insomnia is not a disorder. References Rather. S. A. (2011). Psych 1 10: Franklin University. Mason, Ohio: Coinage Learning Chunk,J. P. (2010). Narcolepsy. Retrieved from http://www. Medicine. Com/ narcolepsy/article. HTML

Global Business in Emerging Regions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 2

Global Business in Emerging Regions - Essay Example Ltd (OGES) Present market: USA and European market Emerging market: overall Africa and especially Nigeria Cause of moving out: Over saturation in the present market and poor economy Advantage: Business expansion and market diversification Main challenge: Poor infrastructure and political problem Entry strategy: agency formation and hire- purchase strategy News Link: The assignment has taken a clue from news with the headline â€Å"Africa’s Richest Man Bets Big on Oil Refinery† published in Wall Street Journal. (http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304607104579210322347689090). The news tells that a Nigerian man Aliko Dangote, the richest man in entire Africa for last two decades is going to step in oil refinery business. The estimated investment is $9 billion for coming two years to construct the largest private refinery in Nigeria. It is expected to produce more oil compared to any African country. PART A Company & Industry Analysis Company overview: In this case it is supposed that the certain organization (OGES) is a manufactures of tool and machineries, which are used in oil refinery business. The organization manufactures valves, liquid level gauges, digital flow meters, intube exchangers, electrically heated exchangers and many more equipments used in refinery facilities. Basically it is an ancillary company of oil and gas exploration and refining sector. Industry/Sector Overview: Many big companies across the globe are present this business. Companies which are making equipments for oil and gas refineries like Armstrong Engineering Associates, Inc. John C. Ernst Co., Inc and Shangqiu Jinyuan Machinery Equipment Co Ltd. are the competitors of the business. The level of competition is fair and health. These peer organizations have an association in the form of chamber of commerce to discuss and address the sector specific problems. The company has operation in the US and European market. Saturation in the Present Market: It is known that the US and European market is highly saturated and overcrowded. Manufactures from other areas like Chinese and Indian companies are giving tough competition in the US and European market. More over the economies of these two areas are not growing. So much so that dome countries are reporting negative figures. The problem has started in 2008 with the initiation of sub prime crisis. It is nearly six years; the problem has not been solved. It is very difficult to run a business in such a country which is not growing. Limited expansion opportunities and limited marketing scopes restrict the business to grow further. But if a business is not growing it is actually lagging behind its competitors because they are growing. So if a particular market or region is not working favorably, it is advisable to focus on other areas. Market diversification and product diversification should be the regular agendas for a successfully running business over a long period of time. Identificatio n of Emerging Market: But it not only diversification it wants to spread its wings in others areas as well. In this contest, Nigeria, a Sub-Saharan-African country is considered as the destination. Because the organization thinks that Africa in general and Nigeria in specific can be viewed as the emerging market. The growth of overall African economy is much better than the US and European economy. It is always advisable to bet on something which is rising or growing rather that which is facing

MOD 4 SLP FIN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MOD 4 SLP FIN - Essay Example For the fiscal year 2011, Dell has planned to open up company owned stores and service centre in some of the developing Asian countries to target the maturing market and get the maximum chunk of the market share. Currently the country under observation is one where Dell has been observing a significant share being taken away by Acer due to provision of services locally and the rest being threatened by HP/Compaq. Dell plans to start with opening up 3 stores in that country. Each store would cost $300,000 for acquisition of commercial land plus $100,000 to make it running along with inventory of laptops, desktops and other accessories (working capital). Thus the total initial investment required is around $400,000 for each of the 3 stores/service centers. It is expected that Revenues will increase by $900,000 each year if the company implements the new project. Operating Expenses will increase by $600,000 in the following years. We assume that the tax bracket in the country in which Dell will be operating is 35%. There are several issues involved in projecting cash flows, revenues, and expenses and above all getting the project through the management team and getting the majority shareholders to approve a project when competition is fierce and profit margins are shrinking. The cost estimation of the initial outlay is estimated by the product/business development department whereas revenue forecasting is the responsibility of the sales/marketing department. Operating costs are estimated by the various officers like the finance manager, accountant and tax experts of the company. There can be several issues in projecting the cash flows. A major concern is the over or under estimation due to few biases or lack of experience about such projects. Secondly the errors can be due to inadequate capital rationing, not considering the salvage values and ignoring sometimes the

Attorney-client Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Attorney-client - Essay Example Doe has advised his attorney that he did, in fact, kill the person for which he has been arrested. While Ms. Smith did not solicit this information during the discussion, she is now privy to the fact that her client is guilty. This revelation, however, does not require Ms. Smith to notify the authorities. As an officer of the court, she is precluded from putting a witness—in this case Mr. Doe—on the stand if she knows that the witness will commit perjury; but she is not mandated to turn her client in as a result of the attorney-client privilege. It should be noted that the right to have one’s discussions with an attorney kept private is absolute in the United States. In fact, courts â€Å"have considered the attorney-client privilege to be among the most fundamental testimonial privileges in the legal system" (Kressel, 2006, p. 413). The reason for this is clear, and was recently set forth by Silbert & Joannou (2006) as necessary because it â€Å"protects confi dential communications between an attorney and his client and exists to encourage full and frank communication between attorneys and their clients and thereby promote broader public interests in the observance of law and administration of justice" (Silbert & Joannou, 2006, p. 1225). Thus, with just these facts, it is understood that Mr. Doe is safe from prosecution as a result of his attorney’s knowledge; he won’t be put on the stand to testify in his own defense, but he will not be revealed as the murderer by Ms. Smith either. His secret is safe with his attorney, who will mount an aggressive defense and force the prosecution to prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt. Only one added fact could change this dynamic and actually reverse the situation. Assuming all facts as provided above, add the fact that during their conversations, Mr. Doe not only reveals that he is the killer, but is holding the child of the victim hostage in his basement. At this point, Ms. Smith has no

Social Organization of Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Social Organization of Religion - Essay Example What does it mean to be religious nowadays? Why do we need to go to church, or in what other ways is it possible to confirm one’s aspiration to be a religious person? From the perspective of sociologists all answers to these questions can be found in the ordinary behavior of people in their daily lives. For example, it is ordinary for people to follow behaviors of others. Thus, they follow other people’s beliefs and religious is a favorable basis for unification of people. Moreover, it performs a pacifying function in the society; it instills hope in people’s hearts and exerts much more positive influence on individuals. Nevertheless, there are negative outcomes of religion, when people are involved in different sectarian developments or when they are ready to give all their money to churches for charity. Religion has exceeded its limits as of a spiritual basis for people’s development. It turned into a global machine, which requires people’s money for fake hopes and beliefs. A sociological root of religion is presented to people on TV or in the magazines, online or broadcast on radio. Still, no one knows where to find the truth and what is the real essence of the modern religion. Group spirit of religion can be interpreted from the perspective of humanity’s desire to be together with other people and follow a so-called spirit of herd. Sociological aspect of religion can clarify numerous aspects of this global phenomenon. For example, religion is often correlated with supernatural phenomena and people are often afraid of unknown. Thus, their belief in God is often considered to be a strong power, which helps them living their lives. Moreover, there is an evident blending of real phenomena and imaginative divinities. A real life of humans is compared with the lives in the Heaven or Hell. Social events and phenomena are correlated with religious practices and religious followers explicate their

Photojournalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Photojournalism - Essay Example The level of objectivity and ethics employed by a photojournalist on duty remains constant while it is possible to express freedom in adjusting the news elements or components of the graphic medium which constitute the effect of the visuals. In today’s society, according to Anil Ramchand, the photojournalism market still indicates competitiveness despite the weakening demand for newspapers and magazine circulations. Such degree of competence, however, is inclined to depend upon how willing the industry is in engaging with the mainstream where imagery of fashion bearing aesthetic value and sensation amply matter over mere statements of typewritten facts. Hence, as long as an item attracts the public’s sense of appreciation by sight, photojournalism is certain to stand on stable grounds as it keeps its modern function of improving the physical character of a potential commodity. Apparently, a way to pursue optimum commerce means a lot. Since the public in general projects a growing interest in visuals, the revolutionary concept of photojournalism becomes reduced to assume the role of rendering external appearance to captivate even if this does not necessarily signify the main content of the subject or theme. While there are still photojournalists who choose to preserve the reputable essence of their profession, the online mode of mass communication seems to limit photojournalism to the confines of pop culture and the associated common practice of illustrating news, celebrity and sports coverage with less sensible yet sold-out designs. Because I have since recently been fond of creating blogs about a variety of topics but with chief focus on art and poetry, I find a great deal of satisfaction at having come up with journal entries that are forty-five percent rich in exquisite photos. This way, my site manages to generate more

Fiction and Brother Leon Brought Essay Example for Free

Fiction and Brother Leon Brought Essay A Wife  is a story written by  Manuel Arguilla  about a man who comes home to his province to introduce his wife from the city to his family. This short story won first prize in the Commonwealth Literary Contest in 1940. Baldo   younger brother of Leon, fetched Leon and Maria from the road to Nagrebcan * Leon (or Noel)   older brother of Baldo who studied in Manila where he met his wife * Maria   the beautiful and stunning wife of Leon from Manila * Labang   the bull whom Baldo considers as his â€Å"pet† * Norman Tabios   Marias ex-boyfriend who happened to be a loro * Gagambino   Leons favorite fictional character who gave him lots of guts to study in Manila * Churita   Labangs girlfriend/fiance Baldo and his older brother Leon were both waiting for the arrival of their visitor riding the carretela. Seeing his brothers wife, Baldo was easily taken away by the beauty of the woman from city as he narrates their journey to Nagrebcan. The idea of meeting with Leons parents for the first time made Maria a bit anxious. But along their way home, Maria discovered the peculiarities of the life in Nagrebcan as opposed to their life in the city where she met and fell in love with Leon. Summary: Exposition: Maria was the first one introduced in the story the wife of the main character Leon. She first noticed Baldo, the brother of Leon; then Labang was introduced, the family bull. Complication: On the way, Maria expressed her fear that their father might not like her. Conflict: Leon explained to Maria that their father is the mildest-tempered, gentlest man he knew. Climax: When they got home, their father did not welcome them. He was said to be in his room; â€Å"his leg is bothering him again. † Baldo saw his mother and sister Aurelia and Maria in the kitchen who seemed like crying. His father removed the roll of tobacco in his mouth when he saw Baldo and started [continues] How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife, is a short story written by the highly acclaimed Filipino writer Manuel Arguilla. This award-winning story is a long-standing favorite in Philippine literature. To examine this piece, the authors background must first be considered. Formalistic, historical, and sociological approaches can also be utilized to analyze the story further. Prominent symbols and their interpretations will also be discussed. About Manuel Arguilla Manuel Arguilla was born to Crisanto Arguilla and Margarita Estabillo in Barrio Nagrebcan in Bauang, La Union on June 17, 1911. The Arguillas were a humble, hard-working family who farmed the small piece of land they owned to make a living. In school, Manuel was a sharp student who showed promise of being a brilliant writer at an early age. He graduated as salutatorian of his high school and then left La Union to study at the University of Philippines, where he would eventually earn a Bachelor of Science degree in Education. Around the same time, he married fellow writer, Lydia Villanueva, and moved to Ermita, Manila. After college, he worked at the Bureau of Public Welfare and taught at the University of Manila. After working at the bureau for a few years, Arguilla was selected   to be the managing editor of The Welfare Advocate, the business newsletter. He served at the Bureau until 1943, when he was appointed to the Board of Censors. During this time, he was working at a Japanese propaganda agency and also as an agent of the Markings Guerillas, an anti-Japanese rebel movement. In 1944, the Japanese discovered Arguillas disloyalty and arrested him.

Characteristics of Population Composition

Characteristics of Population Composition Shahroz Ullah Badrana Population Composition The term â€Å"Population Composition† actually refers to the characteristics of the particular group of people. The composition or characteristics of the population can be represented in many different ways. These characteristics include the distribution of the population across the number of men relative to the number of women and also across age structure of society. Indeed, Age and Sex composition of population are considered as most important aspects of the population composition. The data on the population by Age and Sex is of great importance for the health administrators and demographers for the planning of various developmental projects and initiating health programs. Basically, the classification of the Urban/Rural, sex and marital status with respect to age expose the basic characteristics of the population and also provides us with the disaggregated data for the target based groups. Actually, these characteristics create a profile of the population and also the ver y attributes that in real sense give population its particular character. [1] There are many different types of population composition and it is broadly divided into three different types Biological Composition Cultural Composition Economic Composition[2] Biological Composition: The biological characteristics of the population include the Racial and ethnic composition of population, age composition of population and sex composition of population. Racial and Ethnic composition Indeed, the populations of all the nations of the world are diverse with respect to race and ethnicity. The population of the country may also consist of many different races and communities. These divisions in the populations are regarded as very important socially and therefore statistics by ethnic group and race are easily available. In this world the concept of the pure races is totally impractical for the population of the earth which is essentially one of mixtures. Although, there is no hard and fast rule through which we can distinguish between the races of the world. Though, the anthropologist believes that there are three primary races exist in this world Caucasoid, Negroids and Mongoloids. The Caucasoid (White People) are the most abundant and also widespread over the surface of the earth. They are more than half of the population of the world and this race consists of Europeans Semites, Hamites and the Indo-Iranians. The Indo-Iranians (300-400 million Population) can be fo und in the Northern and Eastern parts of South West Asia and also in the central parts of India. The Hamites and Semites (80 million populations) can also be found in the North-Eastern and Northern Africa. The Negroid are mostly found in the African region and the Asiatic black people are centered in Southern part of India and in some parts of South-East Asia. The Mongoloid (One Billion Population) have yellow and brown skin color centered in Central and East Asia, Indonesia and in Malaya. The blend of the American Indian, Negro and the white people has produced a mixed population in Latin America. I would say that till now the exact number of races is not known and it is also very difficult to know the exact number. Presently, we do not have decisive classification of the population of the world on the basis of communities and races. The physical feature that is used as to differentiate various ethnic groups and races is not a good criterion for judging the cultural traits of the people and basically these qualities of different races of the world are not functional in the perspective of nature. Likewise, we also divide the world into parts one part consist of Developed or Highly Developed nations and the other part consist of Less developed or Under-Developed Nations. The people who are living in the LDS’s mostly posses pigmented skins but they are not inferior in the quality in any way. Basically, the division is only on the basis of country economic conditions not on the basis of cultural retardation of any group of the world/society. The categories that we use for these groups because they differ from nation to nation for example a Pakistan citizen or a person of Pakistani origin will be regarded as black or dark colored and will be considered as Asian or white in the United States of America. That’s why at the international level the comparison of these Racial and Ethnic groups is totally vague and that’s why this component of the population structure is regarded as of less importance as compared to the others. Age Composition of Population Conceivably, the most fundamental among the characteristics of population is the age composition of Population. Commonly, demographers use the population pyramids in order to explain the age distribution of the population. A population pyramid is described as a bar chat in which the length of each of the horizontal bar tell us about the exact number of people in that particular age group. This composition includes the persons of various ages. Actually, the age composition is very important for understanding the concept of the Mortality and fertility of a society. The age differences between the different age groups may also create economic and social differences. The age composition of population is also commonly known as age structure or age distribution. I would say that one could not even proceed further in the study of the population growth without understanding the age structure of the population. The age affects all the aspects of any individual life like its community life, ec onomic activities and the social attitudes. The age structure of population greatly influences the Socio-Economic life of the nation. The data on the age is very useful for those who are mainly responsible for different type of welfare activities. We also require the age data for various numbers of economic and social activities of life including marriage, employment and retirement. The age structure of the population also helps us to know about the percentage of the Labor force in the population and on the other hand it is also very useful in finding out the dependency load/ration. The production and consumption is also dependent upon the data of age structure. If we want to understand and predict the future growth rate of the population then for this purpose we have to understand the age structure of the population. So, on the basis of the age structure we can tell that whether the country has regressive or progressive type of population. The problem with the data of age structure is that most of the time the data which is available is not authentic and for the geographers it is very difficult to map the age statistics. Not all the countries conduct regularly the censuses so that’s why in such countries accurate and up-to date data regarding the population is not available. Basically, the age structure of the population is determined by the three important factors Fertility, Mortality and Migration. The fertility rate tells us about the population percentage in each of the age group. The countries with the high fertility rates have large proportion of their population the group of young people (0-15 years). In less developed states the life expectancy rate is also very low and in the old age group we have extremely small population and the population is heavily influenced by the young age group. Whereas, on the other hand the developed countries are experiencing low fertility rates have small number of people in the old age group. Migration is also se x and age selective. In general, it is said that the working age group (15-45 years) are much mobile as compared to the people in young and old age group. People keep on migrating from one place to another the age structure of population of any country changes with respect to time. The natural calamities also influenced the age structure and sometimes cause drastic changes in it. The data available on the age groups can also be analyzed by the age pyramids and the age indices.[3] Sex Composition of Population All the communities of the world have different sex composition of male and female. The population geographers show keen interest in the sex composition. The sex ratio of male and female is a key factor behind the socio-economic condition of an area. This characteristic of the population composition is widely used at the regional level by the geographers. The composition has a deep impact on the demographic structure of the region and also an important feature of a countryside area. We can determine the sex ratio from three basic factors Sex Ratio at Births Sex Ratio at Deaths Sex Ratio due to Migration Sex Ratio is defined as the number of females per thousand males and number of males per thousand females. Sex ratio may be different in different regions just as in Pakistan sex ratio is High (Women’s are more). The Primary Sex Ratio is described as the sex ratio at the time of just conception, Secondary Sex Ratio is calculated at the time of the birth and the Tertiary Sex Ratio is calculated at the time of enumeration. The balance between the male and female is very important aspect of the population composition and structure. The sex ratio is greatly influenced by the birth, death and the migration rate. Other than these the natural disasters like war, famine and earthquake. The sex ratio is also dependent upon the status of the women in the society and the enumeration of both sexes. Physically and biologically females are much stronger than the males that’s why in the life females live longer than males. If we talk globally, the mortality rate of males is higher tha n the mortality rate of females. Basically the infant mortality rate of males is higher than the females but the sex ratio became balanced at the age of 4. After the age of 4 again the imbalance started at reaching at the age of 95 we have 1000 males per 2000 females. So I would say that in the less developed countries the female mortality rate is higher than the male mortality rate as compared to the developed countries. It is a natural fact that males are born more as compared to the females but for sure that does not mean that the natural sex ratio is same across the globe. As we know that Pakistan is a Muslim country and we have high male birth rate as compared to the females because the status of the females is very low in here. Then if we talk about the migration factor then it is more sex selective naturally. It is also a fact that the long distances migrations involves males whereas the short distances migration involves females. Marriages play very important role in bringin g changes in the sex ratio because after marriages females should have to go to their new homes. Other then these particular factors the sex ratio is also get influenced by many other situations and conditions. This includes famine, war and the natural calamities. Here, in the end I just want to mention the WW1 WW2 that those countries that have been the part of those wars have more proportion of females as compared to the males.[4] Cultural Characteristics of Population Religious Composition Religion is a very important feature of the population and play very pivotal role in the life of every human being. As always the religion of the population acts as a motivating force for them. In the past many wars have been fought on religious basis in Europe and Israel. Now days the religious force or religious impact is reduced but still I can say that the religious force is very significant force. If we just take the example of the partition of the Sub-Continent into two newly states India and Pakistan that partition was also based on religious basis. Muslims got the separate homeland where Muslims live according to the teachings of Islam. I should say that the religion has great contribution in the well being and welfare of the human beings. All the Religions of the world have left certain marks on the customs, Food habits, literature and the architecture. The imprint left by the religions is still stronger in those states where the religion has been combined with the state pow er. In the past the religion acts as unifying as well as troublesome. In the war of hatred the Nazis of Germany persecuted Six million Jews just on the base of the religion. According to the geographers it is very difficult to map the religion and the world pattern of religion is also very difficult to analyze. The Christianity, Hinduism, Islam and Buddhism are the world greatest religion so the Christianity is dominant religion in the western hemisphere and in the European countries. Buddhism is dominant in the East Asia, Hinduism in the South Asia. In the world we have approximately 320,000,000 Muslims 380,000,000 Hindus and 660,000,000 Buddhist. Linguistic Composition Language has a very strong relation with the nationality and we can say that the language is also part of ethnicity. Presently, thousand of different languages are spoken across the world. A single language in a state reflects the unity and solidity. It also strengthens the concept of patriotism and nationalism. If we talk about our country we are also linguistically divided into different linguistic portions. Mostly, the developed countries have the have internal linguistic homogeneity. I would say that the national language of the powerful nations with large colonial influence became the international languages. The less developed states are more linguistically diverse and that diversity is more found in the some parts of Asia and Africa. I believe that many different languages in the country create language diversity in unity which may be serving as bottle neck in the development of the country. Educational Composition Among the other characteristics of the population composition education is the most important one which is also regarded as the backbone of the progress of any state. Basically, Education gives us the power to distinguish between the good and Bad. The more we will invest in the sector of the education the more economic growth will be better. The more a nation will be literate the more it will play pivotal role in the national stream of progress. By the literacy rate we can easily measure the educational status of any person. In the third world states the level of education is very low as compared to the educational level in the Developed states that’s why many students are moving to the developed states for enjoying better quality educational facilities. Education play important role in shaping down the society in different number of ways. We need to spent more and more in educational sector and the LDC develop slowly due to not spending much in the educational sector. We need to bring reforms in the educational system of the developing countries only in that case it will contribute ion the development of the country.[5] Bibliography Books DR Chandra, R.C. Geography of population 2009. 8th edition. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi India. Prof Qazi, S.A, Navid Shabir Qazi. Population Geography. APH Publishers. New Delhi India. Bergman, Edward. F, Renwick, William. H. Introduction to Geography: People, Places and Environment. 3rd Edition. India. Pearson education, India ISBN 0131445456 URL’s Teitelbaum, Michael S. Encyclopedia Britannica. Population. Last Updated on 6 April, 2013. Data Assessed on 23 March, 2014. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/470303/population/60674/Age-distribution> Gjerso, F. The civilizing Mission. Demographic composition and economic development. Published on 6 January, 2011. Assessed on 23 March, 2014. http://thecivilisingmission.com/2011/01/06/demographic-composition-and-economic-development/> Population reference Bureau. Age and sex composition. Sixth edition. Published on 4 April, 2011. Assessed on 23 March, 2013. http://www.prb.org/pdf11/prb-population-handbook-2011_age.pdf> Population Composition: Trends and Environmental implications. Accessed on 23 March, 2014. http://www.food-mac.com/Doc/Sustainable/Rand/environmental_implications_population_dynamics/ch4_population_composition.pdf> Population Composition. Assessed on 23 March, 2014. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/srs/Chap_2_-_2010.pdf> Population distribution and Composition. Assessed on 23 March, 2014. http://www.ethiojps.org/LessonWeek_Four.pdf> Riyaza, Fathmath. Age and Sex composition of Population. Assessed on 23 March, 2013. http://www.planning.gov.mv/publications/analytical_report/html/Source/ChapterIII.pdf> [1] Population Composition. Assessed on 23 March, 2014. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/vital_statistics/srs/Chap_2_-_2010.pdf> [2] Prof Qazi, S.A, Navid Shabir Qazi. Population Geography. APH Publishers. New Delhi India. [3] Population reference Bureau. Age and sex composition. Sixth edition. Published on 4 April, 2011. Assessed on 23 March, 2013. http://www.prb.org/pdf11/prb-population-handbook-2011_age.pdf> [4] Riyaza, Fathmath. Age and Sex composition of Population. Assessed on 23 March, 2013. http://www.planning.gov.mv/publications/analytical_report/html/Source/ChapterIII.pdf> [5] Prof Qazi, S.A, Navid Shabir Qazi. Population Geography. APH Publishers. New Delhi India.